Internal-combustion engine.



K. DOUGAN.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILEDAUG. l7, IBI I- RENEWED $EPT.6| 19l8.

1,299,434, Patented Apr. 8,1919.

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K. DOUGAN.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION 'FILED AUG. 11, 1911. RENEWED sEPT.6. 1918.

1,299,434. Patented Apr. 8,1919.

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RENEWED sens. 1918.

APPLICATION FILED AUGQ H}. 1911- I Patented Apr. 8,1919.

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l tion engines of-the ty byaccumulated beingused to STATES KENNEDY DOUGAN, 01! MI EN'NEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA.

museum-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed August 17, 1911, Serial .No. 644,504. Renewed F teniberG, 1918. Serial No. 252,954..

5' State of Minnesota, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Internal- Combustion Engines, of which the following is a specification.

-My invention relates to internal combusin my application, Serial Number 635,206, filed June 24, 1911, in which the force of the explosion within the combustion chamber operates to raise a weight, the energy thereperform useful work when the weight falls. The object of my inventionis to rovide an engine of this character combined With -a pump having characteristics especially adapting it to oooperate with such an engine, it being well known that combustion engines of the ordinary type cannot be efficiently used in operating pumps because such engines are not adapted to a wide variation of speed and must berun at or near maximum speed to be worked efficiently, while the speed at which pumps must be operated necessarily is sub- 'ject to wide variation, and, worked. by the usual transmission by direct acting engine drive, will usually reduce the engine speed ifiuch below the maximum with consequent loss of efiiciency. These defects in the operation of explosive engines for'pumpingpurposes are remedied by the engine of my invention, each explosion stroke of the engine always being efl'ected at maximum velocity ,for the particular charge used, and every pumping stroke, being produced by'the. ac-

celeration of gravity upon the Wei ht con- 40 nected with the pumping piston romthe height lifted by each stroke, is also always made at the maximum velocity. p

As in the aforesaid application, my invention involves the arrangement of two or more exploslve engine units in a frame with t-hepistons of, all of said units connected with the weight to be lifted, said weight. in turn being connected with the pump piston, the pump of this application being especially 0 constructed and arranged to coiiperate with suchtype of engine. The valve control and ignition mechanisms of the different units are so coerdinated as to cause the englne units to operate in alternate succession, the

pe shown and described return of the weight operating member alwayscompressing a charge in the cylinder ent heights; and means for regulat'inglthe number of strokes of the engine per unit vof time controlled bythc pressure within the receiver from the. pump is also provided, as in the aforesaid application. It is an especial object of my invention to combine with the said means for regulating the rate of the engine, mechanism for automatically" and selectively operating the exhaust valyes of the difierent engine units, this mechanism being so constructed that it will be actuated to select'and open the valve for operationfat the beginning of the return stroke of the engine, thus permitting the gases of combustion to expand within the combustion chamber throughoutthe full strokeof the piston therein, which may permit such gases to expand to near atmospheric pressure. '1 ji A further object of my invention is to provide an automatic cut-ofi' andpositively cperating valve mechanism for the fuel intake, said mechanism being related in its operation Patented A r.-s, 1919';

to the reciprocation of the weight-operatihg member.

Further objects and advantages of my in.- vention will appear in the detailed descrip. tion thereof, .and are particularly pointed put in the claims. 1 I In the drawings illustrating the application of my invent-ion in one form,-

Figure l is a sectional elevationof-the upper ortion of my engine, and Fig. 2 is a similar viewof the lower portion in combination with the puni'p, the, two figures taken conjointly illustrating the entire apparatus. Fig. 3 is atop lan view of one of the engine units showing the magneto and .centrifugal circuit closed. Fig. 4 is a section on line 4-4 Fig. 1 with some. parts omitted. Fig. 5 is a vertical section'of a portion of the stroke-regulating cylinder viewed toward the right. Fig. 6 is an end elevation of the upper portion of the parts shown in Fig. 1 viewed from the left hand side thereof with certain parts omitted. Fig. 7' is a section on line 77 of Fig. 1. Fig. 8 is a top plan view of the pressure regulating valve control of the pump shown in Fig. 2. Fig. 9 is a detail showing adjustability of intake-valve cut-ofl'.

ber being connected by another cross bar 21 to which is secured a rod 22 connected with a piston 23- working in a cylinder 24 formed within the aforesaid oil receptacle 13. The piston rods 16, 17 and 22 may all be connected with their respective pistons by a universal joint, and rods 16 and 17 may also be connected with cross bars 18 and 19 in the same manner, but rod 22 will be rigidly connected with cross bar 21. 'The oil receptacle 13 may, as shown, be formed with an extended portion 25 in the outer portion of which the cylinder 24 will be formed, said cylinder 24 being in part composed of the walls of the extended portion 25, as shown in Fig. 1, the upper portion thereof being spaced from said extended portion to form an annular passage 26 between cylinder 24 and the-walls of the extended portion 25, as shown in- Figs. 4 and 5 A series of openings 27 extend through the walls of the cylinder 24 into said.

annular passage 26. Within the upper poi a piston 28 loosely surrounding piston rod 22, as shown at 29, is adapted to sllde, sald piston 28 being pivotally connected by means of a pair of links 30 and 31 with the long arm-32 of a lever pivoted at 33 to a bracket 34 extending from the edge of receptacle 13, said lever arm 32 being bifurcated, as shown at 35, to straddle the piston. rod 22. The receptacle 13 is provided with three horizontal partitions 36, 37 and 38, respectively, said partitions extending from the walls of cylinder 24 and forming a main upper chamber 39, a closed lower chamber 40, an intermediate-passage-way 41 opening into cylinder 24 and a lower passage-way 42 also opening into cylinder 24. Partitions and 38 are provided with alining openings in which operates an elongated piston 43, the same operating normally to close both of said openings. Partition 36 is formed with a thickened portion 44 having an opening therein in which operates a diminished extension 45 of the piston 43, the lower end of said extension 45 being exposed to oil or any other fluid in passage-way 42. Pivotally connected with the upper end of piston 43 where the same extends above-partition 38 is a bent arm 46 which is pivoted at 47 to the short arm 48 of the before mentioned lever pivoted at 33. Movement of piston 43 therefore will operate to rock lever arm 32 on pivot 33. 1 An upward extension 49 is formed on lever 32 above the pivot point 33 to which is connected one end of a coil spring 50, the other end thereof being connected with a bracket "51 secured to the inside of the wall of receptacle 13, this arrangement operating to accelerate lever arm 32 into either of its operative positions and hold the same in such position when set. The piston 43 has pivoted thereto a rod 52 connected with a piston 53 operating in a closed cylinder 54 set within the chamber 39 above the partition 38, piston 53 coiiperating only with the opening in the lower wall of said cylinder but being guided through the larger diameter thereof by means of upright bars 55, as more particularly shown in Fig. 7 Downwardly opening valves 56 in the partition 36 permit fluid to escape from chamber 40 while an inwardly opening valve 57 upon the top ofcylinder 54p'ermits fluid to enter closed cylinder 54., Chambers 39 and 40 are directly connected by pipe 58, while closed cylinder 54 and chamber 38 are connected by pipe 59, said pipe 59 having therein a butterfly valve 60 on a stem, 61 which is controlled by a piston 62 in a cylinder 63 connected by pipe 64 with the pump receive'f, the pressure in the receiver-thus operating to control. the opening of valve 60. All of the chambers in, receptacle 13 and cylinder 24 are filled with "oil. When piston 23 starts to descend fronr't he position shown in Fig. tion of cylinder 24 adjacent said openmgs 27 1 it will press oil in cylinder 24 which will be-trapped and cannot escape as the valves 56 open upwardly. Pressure will be transmitted upon the diminished end -15 of piston 43. If valve 66 is closed the oil trapped in closed cylinder 54 will prevent upward movement of piston 53 and by reason of connecting rod 52 will also prevent upward movement of piston 43 and the yoke 20 will be held suspended upon piston rod 22. When pressure diminishes in the receiving tank sufiiciently to jcause piston 62 to operate valve 60 to open pipe 59 oil will flow out of closed cylinder 54 and piston 43 will rise, avery small downward movement of piston 23 causing a large rise of piston 43, since the end 45 is relatively very much smaller in area than the area of piston 23. When the piston 53 has passed through the opening in the lower wall of closed cylinder '54 within the by-pass structure formed by the bars 55, piston 43 will rise rapidly, opening passage 41 and also passage 42 into chamber 40 and the oil from cylinder 24 will I pass through chamber 40 and pipe 58 into lar in principle to that described in the aforesaid application in so far as it operates to regulate the rate of pumping action under the control of the pressure thereby generated in the pump receiver. It is further designed to efi'ect the operation ofthe exhaust valves, as will now be described.

Cylinder 11 is provided with a valve 65 and cylinder 12 with a valve 66, the valve stems 67 of which are seated upon arms 68 pivoted at 69 to brackets 70 depending from the lower wall of cylinders 11 or 12, a coil spring 71 being seated between the arm 68 and the floor of the cylinder and being of such strength as to hold the valves 65 or 66 closed against atmospheric pressure. Upon brackets 72 and 73 extending from aframe member 10 cams 74 and 75 are rotatably mounted, each of said cams being provided with an extension and connecting pin 76 and 77, respectively, pin 76 engaging in a slot 78 at the bottom of a rod 79, and pin 77 engaging in a similar slot 80 at the bottom of a rod 81. The rod 79 is mounted toslide vertically in bearings provided in brackets 82 and 83 extending from cylinder 11 and receptacle 13, respectively. The rod 81 has a lower bearing in a bracket 84 extendingjfrom cylinder 12 and aniupper bearing in the extension 85 of bracket 83, the rod 81 being ofi'set, as shown at 86, so as to bring the upper portion thereof in spaced parallel relation with the rod 79, a dividing plate 87 being provided upon extension 85 midway of rods 79 and 81. The upper portion of rod 79 is provided with a pair of plates 88, a similar pair of plates 89 being formed on rod 81, these plates 88 and 89 being directed from opposite sides of rods 78 and 81, respectively, So as to be turned inwardly. As best shown in Fig. 3, lever arm 32 is extended and offset at 90, there being a rod 91 pivoted to the bifurcated end of lever 32 at 92, said rod depending between the sets of plates 88 and 89 and being provided with a lug 93 adapted to engage between plates 88, and a lug 94 adapted toiengage between plates "89, the end of rod 91 being extended beyond said lugs and beveled at 95 so as to readily pass on one side or the other of central plate 87. Depending arm 91 has secured to the; inner side thereof a spring member 96 which is normally held in engagement with a star wheel by means of the coil spring 98. The

star wheel 97 is provided with a ratchet 99 adapted to be operated by a dog 100 on the end of an arm 101 pivoted at 102 to lever arm 32, the arm 101 being thrust against ratchet wheel 99 by a coil spring 103, a stop 104 on lever 32 acting to limit the swinging movement of arm 101.

The operation of-these devices is as follows. When piston-23 descends, as aforesaid,-the first effect is the upward moveengaging lower plate 88 and moving rod 79 downward, thereby rotating cam 74 and through action of the same on arm 68 acting to positively open valve 65, as before stated, this operation resulting from a very slight downward movement of piston 23. At the same time piston 28 anddog 100 will be lowered. The lower end 95 of arm 91 will be positioned at one side ofplate 87 thereby holding valve positively locked open until the beginning of return reciprocation. The first efiectof the return reciprocation will be to force piston 28 upwardly by reason of the oil trapped in cylinder 24 which will have the effect of rocking arm 32 in 'member 100 operating to move star wheel 97 one notch. When this movement takes place, if the star wheel'is in the position shown in Fig. 1 one of the extended members thereon will be moved so as to rock arm 91 through engagement with spring member 96 into position such that lug 94.will engage/between plates-89 on rod 81, thus selectively positioning the arm 91to oper' atevalve 66 at the next downward reciprocation of the weight-operating member. 20 and the parts carried thereby. By -these means the valves 65 and 66 are alternatively operated and always only after the stroke has been completed and the parts commence their return reciprocation. Q

Cylinder 11 is provided with an intake valve 105 and cylinder 12 with an intake .valve 106, the valve stems 107 being pivoted thereon a shoulder 113, the upper end of rod 112 extending through an openingin an arm 114 of-a two-armed member pivoted at 115 to the side of the cylinders, arm 114 being normally held. in engagement with shoulder 113 by means of-a coil spring 116 extending between the outer ends of lever 1G9 and arm 114. The other arm 117 of the said pivoted two-armed member is weighted and is provided with'a grooved roller 118, arms 114, 117 andlever 109 all beingin the plane of yoke member 20. Upon the inner side of yoke member 20 is secured a bearing piece, 119 in which are journaled two grooved rollers 121 and 122, said bearing piece also being provided with an -in- 125 grooved roller 118.. Rod 125 is provided with a portion 126 extendin angularly-outward to a junction with ro 124, where'the saine is pivoted at 127 'to a link 128 which is 'pivoted at 129 to a lever 130 pivoted at 131 to cross bars 18 or 19, said lever having an extension 132 to the end of which is .connected a coil spring 133, the other end of said spring being secured to a lug fast on yoke member 20. When the weightoperating member returns, the roller- 118 will pass onto the incline 126 beforethe piston reaches the lower part of its stroke and arlin 117 will be rocked by gravity through 7 rod 112 and lever 109 positively opening valve 105 or valve 106. Upon return-recipficient to hold said valve closed against the action of gravity operating through arm 117. Piece 119 is adjustable on member 20, for the purpose of regulating point of cutoff and length of engine stroke.

Special mechanism for regulating the length of reciprocation by controlling the fuel charge, similar to that shown in the aforesaid application, is illustrated in Fig. 2, in which the carbureter chamber 135 isshown connected with a fuel supply pipe 136 ha"- ing a valve 137 controlled by an arm 138 'pivotally connected by means of a link 139 with a piston 140 operating in a cylinder 141, the cylinder 141 being connected by a pipe 142 with the bottom of another cylinder 143 in which operates a piston 144 pivotally connected by a link 145 with a centrallypivoted lever 146 normally held downward by a coil spring 147, all of these parts being secured to the cylinders or frame of the engine. A trip' 148 is provided on yoke member 20, said trip being adjustable longitudinally of saidyoke member. If the stroke is relativelyv too long the trip 148 will engage lever 146, through link 145 operating piston 144 and forcing oil beneath piston 140 to cause the same to be lifted and check the fuel supply. A downwardly-openingconnects the bottom of cylinder 141 with cylinder 143'above piston 144 through which the oil can return to the lower'part of cylinder 143 by means of a downwardly opening valve in piston 1.44, not shown.

For operating the ignition I have journaled in arms 151 and 152, respectively, secured to upper cylinder 13, a shaft 153 hav- 20. i-The shaft is provide magnitude.

ing thereon a. pinion 154 meshing with a rack 155 fast on weight-o crating member with fa ratchet disk 156 which, through, a ratchet 157, operates in one direction only a magneto 158, indicated diagrammatically. The shaft 153 has a. fixed collar 159 and a diminished portion 160 upon which a member 161 is adapted to slide, said collar 159 and sliding member 161 being connected by pivotedlinks 162 having weights 163 connected with a spring 164,7 the whole comprising a centrifugal dcvice such that the sliding member 161 will be thrust downwardly by the spring 164 when shaft 153 is stationary, but will be drawn inwardly when said shaft is rotated throiigh the centrifugal action of. weights 163. Secured to brackets165 and 166 ex- 167 and 168 to complete the circuit and cause an igniting spark when the return movement of weight-operating member 20 ceases and shaft 153 stops rotation. This ignition will take place when the piston comes to a stop after compressing a charge regardless of the exact point in the cylinder at which such stoppage may take place,'which is an essentialfeature of an explosive engine of this type, since the parts have no positive connection withany member by means of which the length of stroke will be positively determined, as is the case with reciprocating engines attached to a crank-or other'usual transmission.

The lower end of weightbperating memberj20 is provided with a cross bar 170 to which is secured a weight 171 of the desired To this weight, or extending through it to cross bar 170, is secured a pis-v tonrod 172 of the pump piston 173 working in the pumping cylinder 174. An expanded portion 175 forms an annular chamber 176 about the lower portion of cylinder 174 which opens into said annular chamber through a series of elongated passages 177. The pumping action of piston 173 will continue, therefore, until the upper edge thereof passes. below the upper edge of slots or passages 177, when the passage-way176 will form a by-pass around said piston permitting the same to fall-freely so that the remaining energy of the descending weight 171 will be employed in compressing the charge in the cylinder of the engine unit next to be operated. An ordinary intake pipe 178 and intake valves 179 are provided. discharge taking place through valves 180 into discharge pipe 181. The discharge pipe may be provided with a butterfly valve 182 having the shank 183 thereof connectedwith an arm 184 which in turn is connected with a pressure responsive controlling cylinder 185, the arrangement .being similar to the pressure responsive control cylinder 63 and connecting parts above described, which will not be used when controlling cylinder 185 is employed in' connectionwith the pump.

The operation of my engine has been given speclfically in connection with the description of .the various parts. In general, supposin an explosion to have taken place in cyl ln er 11, by which yoke member 20 and weight 171, as well as pumping piston 173, have been elevated into the position shown, o l w1ll pass through pipe 59 as rapidly as the pressure in the pump receiver, through operation of valve 60 (or valve 182) permlts, and piston 23 will start to descend, the extent to which it is retarded being determlned by the rate of flow of oil through pipe 59. This is, of course, governed by valve 60, which may be set by hand, irrespective of any pressure responsive device, to exercise a deslred retarding act-ion. Downward movement of piston 23 will elevate piston 43, and through connecting link 46, lever 32, dependmg arm 91 and rod 79, will rock cam 74 positively opening valve 65 to permit exhaust.

At the same time the rise of piston 43 will have opened chamber 40 to passage 41 which W111 permit rapid flow of oil from cylinder 24 so that yoke 20 and the parts carried thereby may descend freely. This will also take place if, as will be correlatively true, valve 182 in the pumping discharge controlled by fpressure member 185 is open to permlt out ow of water. The pumping piston 173 W111 utilize all the energy of the yoke member 20 and weight 171 in umping until .the upper edge thereof passes t e upper edge of passages 177, when pumping action will. be terminated and the remaining energy of the descending parts will be utilized in compressmg the charge in cylinder 12 drawn in when piston '15 was raised at the time of the previous, explosion in cylinder 11. The descent of the yoke member 20 will, through rack 155 and pinion 154, actuate magneto 158 to generate a charge, the centrifugal device connected with shaft 153 withdrawing switch member 169 from contacts 167 and 168, but immediately placing said switch member in circuit-closlng contact therewith when downward movement of yoke member ceases, thereby generating a spark b which the charge in cylinder 12 is exploded. In the meantime the rollers 118 on the arms 117. secured to the respective cylinders have passed opposite the inclines 126. In'the cylinder 12 valve 106 is prevented from opening by the pressure of the compressed charge (insaid cylinder, but valve 105 in cylinder 11 is positively opened by the action of gravity sliding action of member 124 during a considerable portion of the upward stroke so that a charge is now drawn into cylinder 11 by piston 14. The exhaust valve 65 is held closed against atmospheric pressure by strong spring 71, the first upward movement of the piston 23 having returned lever 32 through piston 28 to the position shown in Fig. 1 thereby restoring cam 74 to initial position and rotating star wheel 97 through ratchet 100 to cause the same to actuate depending arm 91 so that leaf-spring 96 will throi" said arm into position to bring lug 94 between plates 89 as soon as end 95 passes above division plate 87. This completes a cycle of operation except that the charge is now in cylinder 11 and the parts.

are set to exhaust from cylinder 12.

I claim:

1. An explosive engine comprising a plurality of engine units, a weight connected with the pistons of said en ine units -and adapted to be lifted by any 0 them, a pump having the piston thereof connected with said weight so that pumping action will be effected by the descent thereof, a valve in the pump discharge and means controlled by the pressure in the pump receiver to actuate said valve for regulating the rate of reciprocation of the engine.

2. An explosive engine comprising a plurality of engine units, a weight connected with the pistons of said en ine units an adapted to be lifted by any 0 them, a pump having the piston thereof connected with said weight so that-pumping action will be effected by the descent thereof, means for controlling the intake valves of the engine units so that when the weight is raised by an explosion in be drawn into the cylinder of another engine unit, and means in the pump for releasing the pumping piston from pumping action to permit a portion of the energy of the descendingweight to be expended wholly in compressmg said charge.

cylinder and said lower portion being provided with elongated openings into said chamber forming a 'by-pass around the pumping piston in the lower portion of its one englne unit a charge will descent to permit the final movement of the descending weight to operate wholly'to compress said charge.

4. An explosive engine comprising a pluralit of engine units, a Weight-operating inem er connected with the pistons of said engine units and adapted to be lifted by any of them, a pump connected to said member for operation thereby, means connected with Said weight-operating member under the control of the fluid compressed by the pump for regulating the rate of reciprocation of said engine, an exhaust valve on each engine unit, and means operable by said regulating means for successively opening said valves.

5. An explosive engine comprising a plurality of engine units, a weight-operating member connected with the pistons of said engine units and adapted to be lifted by any of them, an oil receptacle comprising a cylinder, a piston working in said cylinder connected with said Weightoperating member, an exhaust valve and mechanism for operating the same on each engine unit, and means whereby movement of said last named piston in one direction will actuate one of said valveoperating mechanisms to open the valve, movement of said last named piston in the opposite direction causing said means to close the opened valve and select another valve to be actuated by the next operation.

6. An explosive engine comprising a plul'ality of engine units, a weight-operating I member connected with the pistons of said engine units and adapted to be lifted by any of them, an oil receptacle comprising a cylinder, a piston working in said cylinder connected with said weight-operating member, means for trapp fng o'il beneath said piston including .a second piston movable by pressure of said trapped oil to release the same, an exhaust valve and valve 'gearon each engine unit, and means connected with said second piston to operate the exhaust valves.

7. An explosive engine comprising a plurality of engine units, a weight-operating member connected with the pistons of said engine units and adapted to be lifted by any of them, an oil receptacle comprising a cylinder, a piston Working in said cylinder connected with said weightpperating member, means for trapping oil beneath said piston including a second piston movable by pressure of said trapped oil to release the same, an exhaust valve and valve gear on each engine unit, means connected with said second piston to operate the exhaust valves, and means operable by reverse movement of said piston in said cylinder for determining which of said valves shall be operated.

8. An explosive engine comprising a plurality ofengine units, a weight-operating member connected with the pistons of said engine units and adapted to be lifted by any of them, an oil receptacle comprising a cylinder, ,a piston working in said cylinder connected with} said weight-operating member, means fort-rapping oil beneath said piston including a second piston movable by pressure of said trapped oil to release the same, an exhaust valve and valve gear on each engine unit, a pivoted lever and connections to said second piston for operating said valves, means connected. with said lever for selecting which valve shall be operated, and a second piston in said cylinder above and independent of said first piston connected with said lever and operable by return movement of said first piston in said cylinder to actuate said selecting means.

9. An explosive engine comprising a plurality of engine units, a weight-operating member connected with the pistons of said engine units and adapted to be lifted by any of them, an oil receptacle comprising a cylinder, a piston working in said cylinder .connected with said weight-operating member, means for trapping oil beneath said piston including a second piston movable by pressure of said trapped oil to release the same, said second piston having an area relatively small compared with, the area of the first piston, so that a small movement of the first piston will produce a large movement of the second piston, an exhaust valve and valve gear on each engine unit, and-means conpiston to operate the an exhaust valve and "alve gear on each engine unit, a lever pivoted between its ends,

means on said lever for operating. a valve gear to open a valve when the lever 1s rocked 1n one direction, means operated by said lever to set said operating-means for operation on another valve gear when the lever is rocked in the opposite direction, and pistons in said oil receptacle connected to said lever at each side of its pivot, respectively, whereby movement of said first named piston in either direction will communicate corresponding movement to said lever.

11. In an explosive engine comprising a pair of engine units a. common member operative'ly connected with each of said units and reciprooated thereby, an exhaust valve on each engineunit, a cam and sliding rod connected therewith to operate each valve, a depending arm adapted to engage one or the other of said rods and actuate the same, and means operable by' movement of said common member to cause said arm to engage and actuate said rods successively.

12. In an explosive engine comprising a pair of engine units, a common member operatively {connected with each of said units and reciprocated thereby, an exhaust valve on'each engine unit, a cam and sliding rod connected =therewith to operate each valve, a pivoted lever, a depending arm pivoted .to said lever'and adapted to engage one or the other of said rods and actute the same, means to move saidarm-in'toalternate engagement with said rods, and means operable by movement of said common member to actuate said lever.

13. In an. explosive engine comprislng a pair of engine units a common member operatively connected with each of said units and reciprocated thereby, an exhaust valve on each engine unit, a cam and sliding rod connected therewith to operate each valve, a pivoted lever, a depending arm pivoted to said lever and adapted to engage one or the other of said rods and actuate the same, a star wheel engaging the arm, means connected with the lever to give the star wheel a artial turn to cause the arm to engage said rods alternately, and means operable by movement of said common member to actuate said lever.

14. An explosive engine comprising a. piston a weight-operating member connected to and reciprocated by the piston of said engine, an'intake-valve and valve gear positively to open the valve, and means movable with .saidreciprocating member to cause said gear to close the valve near the middle of the outward reciprocation and to hold said gear inoperative until near the end of return stroke' 15. explosive enginecomprising a piston a weight-operating member connected .to and. reciprocated by the piston of said engine, an intake valve and valve gear comprising a weighted arm-positively to open the .valve, and means movable with said reciprocating member to cause said gear to close the valve near the middle of the outward reciprocation and to hold said gear inoperative until near the end of return stroke.

16. An explosive engine comprising a' weight-operating member connected to and reciprocated by the piston 'of said engine, an intake .valve and valve gear comprising a weighted arm positively to open the valve, a roller on said arm, and a cam slide on the reciprocating member adapted to move thereon with which said roller engages, said slide having a cam portion positioned to permit said arm to swing by gravity and open the valve when the reciprocating member approaches the end of its return stroke.

17. An explosive engine ,comprising a weight-operating member connected to and reciprocatedby the piston of said engine, an intake valve and valve gear comprising a wei hted arm positively to open the valve, a rol er on said arm, a pair of rollers on said reciprocating member, a slide between said pair and said roller on the arm, a lever pivoted to the reciprocating member and having pivotal connection with said slide, a

spring for holding said lever and slide in normal position, and a cam portion on said slide positioned to permit said arm to swing by gravity and open the valve when the reciprocating member approaches the end of its return stroke.

18. An explosive engine comprising a weight-operating member connected to and reciprocated by the piston of said engine, an intake valve and valve gear positively to open the valve, means movable with said reciprocating member to cause said gear to close the valve near the middle of the outward reciprocation and to hold said gear inoperative until the end of return reciprocation, fuel supply means in connection with said valve, and means on the reciprocating member to control said fuel supply means to regulate the length of stroke of the engine.

19. An explosive engine comprising a weight-operating 'member connected to and reciprocated. by the piston of said engine, a rotary member operated by movement of said reciprocating member, an ignition system including an electric circuit and a switch for breaking the same, and centrifugal means on said rotary member to operate the switch and cause the same to close the circuit when the reciprocating member ceases movement at the end of the return stroke.

20. An explosive engine comprising a weight-operating member connected to and reciprocated by the piston of saidengine, a rotary member operated by movement 0 said reciprocating member, an ignition system including an electric circuit having two contact bars spaced apart to break said circuit, a centrifugal member on said rotary member, and a switch carried by said centrifugal member and positioned thereby to engage said contact bars and close said circult when the reciprocating member ceases movement at the end of the return stroke.

21. An explosive engine comprising a Weight-operating member connected to and reciprocated by the piston of said engine, a pump having the piston thereof connected to said member so that pumping action will be effected by the descent thereof, and means for releasing the pumping piston from pumping action during a portion of said descending stroke.

22. An explosive engine comprising a weight-operating member connected to and reciprocated by the piston of said engine, a pump having the plston thereof connected to said member so that pumping action will be effected by the descent thereof, and means in the'pumpfor releasing the pumping piston from pumping action during a portion actuate the same, and means operable by of said descending stroke. movement ofsaid common member to cause 23. In an explosive, engine comprising a said movable member to engage and actuate pair of engine units, a common member opsaid connected members.

5 eratively connected with each of said units In testimony whereof I afiix my signature 15- and reciprocated thereby, an exhaust valve in presence of two witnesses.

on each engine unit, a cam and member con- KENNEDY DOUGAN. nected therewith to operate each valve,'a Witnesses: a movable member adapted to engage one or F. A. WHITELEY,

10 the other of said connected members and A. BOWMAN. 

